An acoustic guitar is made mostly of wood. Just like anything else made of wood, time will take its toll. Humidity and temperature changes, the constant pull of the strings, and normal wear and tear will cause even the best acoustic guitar to require a certain amount of repair eventually. A typical repair needed after 30 years or so is a neck reset.
A neck angle adjustment is required when, after many years of string tension on the guitar, the neck has pulled up changing the angle that was carefully set when the guitar was built. The pull of the strings over time reduces the angle. This determines the range of adjust-ability for string height over the frets. If the angle is too low, the saddle height will need to be adjusted very low to provide a comfortable string height above the frets, known as the string action. If the angle is too low, the proper string action cannot be attained and the distance from the bottom of the strings to the top of the frets will be too high, making the strings hard to push down.
The angle of the neck can be checked by laying a straight edge on top of the frets and letting it extend over the bridge. If the guitar has the correct neck angle, the straight edge will just barely graze the top of the bridge or be just slightly higher. If it hits below the top of the bridge, the angle is too low. A certain amount of this is alright as long as the string height can be adjusted for comfortable playing. When it can no longer be adjusted, a neck reset is required.
Resetting the neck angle should only be done by a qualified luthier or repairmen. If your guitar needs a neck reset, get online and search for one in your area. Be sure that they advertise that they do neck resets as part of their repair services.
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